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Worldview
Africa

LIBYA - The Libyan Supreme Court overturned the conviction in a lower
court of five Bulgarian nurses and a Palestinian doctor charged with infecting 426 children with HIV in their hospital. More than fifty of the children have died from developing AIDS after their hospitalizations. In May 2004,
the six professionals were sentenced to death by firing squad, but the decision was overturned in December 2005 when two nurses appealed, stating that their confessions were obtained through torture. Many believe that the
retrial is an attempt to ameliorate relations between Libya and the West. Bulgaria refused the Libyan offer of "blood money" for the families of the children infected in exchange for the nurses' safety. It is believed that the
infection was due to unsanitary conditions in the hospital and that the virus was present before it spread to the children. If they are again sentenced to death, the Bulgarians plan to appeal for life imprisonment. The fate of the
Palestinian doctor remains in question. The trial is expected to conclude at the end of September.
SOUTH AFRICA - New forms of drug resistant tuberculosis have killed at least seventy people since their discovery in January. The two new forms, multi-drug resistant (MDR) and the extremely-drug resistant (XDR), originated in the states of KwaZulu-Natal, Gauteng, and Free State. Over the past few weeks, the strains have spread to the Northern Cape and Northwest regions of the country. These new mutations are entirely resistant to first-level drugs, used to treat the majority of TB patients today, as well as two of the five most commonly used second-level drugs. In an attempt to quarantine the strains, officials are trying to isolate infected individuals and trace every contact they have made over the past several days. But with inadequate methods of infection control, such efforts have been fruitless. The Health Department recently convened to discuss appropriate measures and developed a plan for an urgent survey of the disease, an increase in laboratory capacity, universal access to antiretrovirals (ARVs) under joint TB and HIV activities, and the rapid development of diagnostic tests.
Europe

UNITED KINGDOM - A new vaccine called Gardisil could almost eliminate cervical cancer. The vaccine prevents infection of the human papilloma virus (HPV), which has been shown to cause cervical cancer. Because HPV is a sexually transmitted disease, developers of the vaccine believe that twelve-year old girls should be vaccinated, prior to the time that they are sexually active. Heavy resistance is anticipated from parents unwilling to vaccinate their children against a sexually transmitted disease, but the manufacturers expect a 61 percent decrease in cervical cancer even if only 80 percent of the population is vaccinated. Merck and GlaxoSmithKline have conducted studies that prove the vaccine will protect against at least four strains of HPV and anticipate it will protect against two other common strains. If fully successful, the vaccine will prevent 85 percent of the cases of cervical cancer. On September 22nd, the vaccine was approved in Europe and is now available to the general population in the United Kingdom.
Asia

INDIA - Recent clinical trials of the abortion drug Misoprostol demonstrated a significant decrease in postpartum
hemorrhaging when taken after childbirth. Approximately 30 percent of maternal deaths in India are due to uncontrollable postpartum bleeding. Around the world, 500,000 women die each year as a result of pregnancy complications.
Such a development could greatly decrease the number of maternal deaths in countries where a majority of births take place in the home without the presence of a gynecologist. Misoprostol is a cheap alternative that is easily accessible to the general population; the drug can already be found illegally over-the-counter in many areas of India. The legalization of an abortion drug is controversial and might permit abuses such as its use to selectively abort female fetuses. In addition, the side effects of the drug include severe cramps and vaginal bleeding.
300
Americas

NICARAGUA - An illegal alcohol has caused 35 deaths and over 600 illnesses in the capital city of Managua. The bootleg sugar-based alcohol called "aguardiente" was contaminated with methanol, an organic compound often used to heighten the effect of alcohol for a lower price. Police confiscated over 17,200 gallons of the liquor when they arrested six people charged with connections to the case. Some believe that the incident was an attack on the poor population of the country. The number of patients is expected to increase within days, but the current resources of the healthcare system may not be able to handle the cases. The government declared a national emergency and banned the sale of alcohol. Despite the ban, vendors continued to sell the contaminated alcohol at extremely low prices. High concentrations of methanol have resulted in symptoms cause excessive dizziness, organ damage, vomiting, and permanent blindness. The United States Agency for International Development (USAid) and the Joint Task Force-Bravo (JTF-Bravo), both based in Honduras, have been sent to the city of Leon and are providing dialysis equipment and medical supplies.
CHILE - Around the world, the over-the-counter availability of Plan B morning-after pills has aroused controversy. The US Food and Drug Administration allows adult women to obtain the pills, but girls under the age of 17 are still
required to have a prescription. The Chilean government, however, under recently elected president Michelle Bachelet, has distributed the pill free of charge at public health clinics across the country. Bachelet, a single mother and agnostic, has firmly stood by the production and distribution of Plan B since her time as the nation's Health Minister. She maintains that the morning-after pill will remain true to its purpose a solution in the case of emergency. The decision has sparked contention between the Chilean government and the Catholic Church, which believes that Plan B is a subtle form of abortion. In a country where abortion is illegal even if the mother's life is at risk, the availability of Plan B is expected to spark open debate over the taboo subject. Bachelet continues to support her decision and cites that fourteen percent of Chilean women are mothers during teenage years, believing that the government has the duty to provide its citizens with the option.
Compiled from www.allafrica.com, BBC News, The Guardian, The International
Herald Tribune, ITV News, The London Times, Medical News Today, The New York
Times, News Blaze, and The Statesman (Ghana).
by
PAULA CHATTERJEE
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Vol. 4 No. 1 Specials |
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Mass Poisoning in Bangladesh |
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Worshippers in the Ganges |
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Trachoma in Ethiopia |
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Photographs from Lake Tanganyika
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An Interview with Founder Peter Thum |
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Hand-washing in Rural China |
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Dam Building on the Angry River |
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A Plan for Universal Coverage |
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The Late Monsoon |
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Water Privatization in Nicaragua |
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